China has recorded a significant increase in respiratory infections in recent weeks, particularly among children under the age of 14, attributed to the human metapneumovirus (HMPV). This virus, first identified in the Netherlands in 2001, belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family and is known for causing mild respiratory infections in most cases. Chinese authorities have assured that this trend, marked by seasonal peaks, does not pose a significant threat, while the World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized that the current levels of infection are within the expected range for this time of year.
HMPV, similar to other respiratory viruses such as the flu and respiratory syncytial virus, spreads seasonally in colder climates and less intensely in regions closer to the equator. Its symptoms typically include cough, fever, and nasal congestion, though in vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, infections can lead to more severe conditions like bronchitis or pneumonia. With an incubation period of three to six days, the virus is primarily transmitted through respiratory secretions or contact with contaminated surfaces.
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In a recent statement, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported an increase in the incidence of HMPV alongside other respiratory viruses. However, the organization noted that infection rates have begun to stabilize in northern provinces. This surge coincides with extreme winter temperatures and a general increase in respiratory illnesses, a typical trend for this season. Additionally, the CDC recommended preventive measures, particularly in light of gatherings and mass travel during the Lunar New Year celebrations.
WHO experts have emphasized that, unlike new pathogens that could trigger pandemics, HMPV is a well-known virus with some level of immunity present in the global population. In countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States, increases in cases have also been reported since October, following usual seasonal patterns. Margaret Harris, a WHO spokesperson, reiterated that “the levels of respiratory infections reported in China are within the normal range” and highlighted that hospital demand is lower than in previous years.
With no antiviral treatments or vaccines available for HMPV, recommendations focus on basic hygiene measures, such as washing hands regularly, covering coughs and sneezes, and wearing masks in crowded or poorly ventilated spaces. Chinese authorities have stressed that HMPV is not a new alarming strain but a common virus, with most cases resolving within a week. Meanwhile, the WHO urges the global population to remain calm and adhere to necessary precautions to minimize infections during this winter season.