Syria and Libya were the issues discussed by the two foreign ministers during the conversation, semi-official Anadolu Agency quoted anonymous diplomatic sources as saying.
The Russian attack in the northwestern Syrian province of Idlib was on the agenda, the sources said.
At least 78 rebels were killed overnight by a Russian airstrike against an opposition military camp in Idlib, a war monitor reported on Monday.
About 90 others were wounded by the Russian airstrike which targeted the camp of a Turkey-backed rebel group in the western countryside of Idlib, said the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.